In these studies, different methods were developed to rear larvae into adults ( Trible et. individuals with modified olfactory receptors had lower fitness in the colony ( Trible et. Eggs and larvae require workers’ attention and e.g.
al., 2020).Īll these studies noted that the distinctive behavior of ants such as offspring’s helplessness and need for care, interaction and communication between individuals and aggressiveness towards strangers cause difficulties to rear genetically modified eggs into adults. al., 2017) and Solenopsis invicta ( Chiu et. al., 2020) and once in Ooceraea biroi ( Trible et. CRISPR-Cas9 has been utilized in at least three ant species prior to this study: twice in Harpegnathos saltator ( Yan et. al., 2013) and after that, for example the silk moth Bombyx mori and the honeybee Apis mellifera ( Cui, Sun & Yu, 2017). The first was the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster in 2013 ( Gratz et. In insects this technique has been successfully used in different model species. CRISPR-Cas9 is the latest addition to the gene modification toolkit that has gained popularity due its simplicity and cheap price ( Cui, Sun & Yu, 2017).ĬRISPR-Cas9 technique has been widely used from bacteria to plants and animals.
Alternatively, it can be used to add new genes to the genome and thus new functions or repair nonfunctional genes such as hereditary diseases ( Sander & Joung, 2014). Gene modification can be used to study the function of genes by disrupting the gene sequence and observing changes caused in the phenotype or fitness. Our protocol can be referred to when developing similar studies for other species of ants and eusocial insects. niger that CRISPR-Cas9 is an excellent tool to create targeted mutations for this species. We demonstrated for the first time with L. niger eggs, inject them with CRISPR-Cas9 construct, and rear the eggs into mature adult workers with assistance of nursing workers. We also developed a protocol to collect L. niger, we targeted three different locations in a well-studied eye pigmentation gene cinnabar, generating several mutations that disrupt the ommochrome biosynthesis pathway and result in the lack of this pigment and therefore, abnormal eye coloration in adult workers. To create indel mutations using CRISPR-Cas9 in L. In this study, we developed a CRISPR-Cas9 protocol for the black garden ant Lasius niger, a common and easily available study species for lab and field environments. CRISPR-Cas9 has become one of the most prominent gene editing tools available and it has been utilized in various organisms from bacteria to fungi, plants, and animals.
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